THE CAUSE OF TIME
&
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
A Unified Dynamic Theory of Time
Created and Written by Daniel M. Kirchmann
It is the intent of this paper to propose a unified theory of
time which will show an alternate view of the nature of time arrows
which is far simpler to understand and work with than other current
time theories. In this paper, it will be shown that the
various time arrows can be defined as effects of a dynamic current
development and the various phenomenon of time will be explored and
explained.
This paper shall first explain the concepts of historical and
entropy time arrow and then will proceed to describe the nature of
time, the past, present and the future in terms of dynamic time
theory. The future is a quantum mechanic objective basic
probability.
It will be explained how the second law of thermodynamics follows
from this.
This idea is similar to the Crystallizing Block Universe
by George F. R. Ellis and Tony Rothman (see:
arXiv:0912.0808v1 [quant-ph] )
It is my opinion that our present picture of physical
reality, particularly in relation to the nature of time, is due for
a grand shake up — even greater, perhaps, than that which has
already been provided by present-day relativity and quantum
mechanics.
Roger Penrose
Why do the historical time arrow and the
entropy
time arrow point in the same direction?
Fig. 7.2.
The laws of mechanics are time-reversible; yet the time-ordering
of such a scene from right frame to the left is something that
never is experienced, whereas that from the left to the right would
be commonplace.
All the successful equations of physics are symmetrical in time.
They can be used equally well in one direction in time as in the
other. The future and the past seem physically to be on a
completely equal footing. Newton`s laws, Hamilton`s equation`s,
Maxwell`s equations, Einstein`s general relativity, Dirac`s
ecuations, the Schroedinger equation—all remain effectively
unaltered if we reserve the direction of time. (Replace the
coordinate
t which presents time, by –
t.) The
whole of classical mechanics, is entirely reversible in time.
(Roger Penrose)
Dr. Breuer describes the same problem:
My cup of coffee cools in the direction of the future and
becomes hotter in the direction of the past. But the behaviour of
heat is not reversible in time and characterizes according to the
second law of thermodynamics a direction in time. That the coffee
cools off ought to astound everyone. For ultimately according to
classic mechanics the movement of each single particle of which the
coffee consists is reversible in time.
At least it seems to be clearly the case that whatever physics
is operating, it must have an essentially time-assymmetrical
ingredient, i. e. it must make a distinction between the past and
the future.
Roger Penrose
One can classify events in two
different ways according to “earlier” and
“later.” With the entropy time arrow or with the
historical time arrow.
The entropy time
arrow
The entropy time arrow distinguishes
events as “earlier” and “later” according to
the degree of entropy. The entropy of “earlier” is always
less than the entropy of “later.”
The historical time arrow
The historical time arrow classifies events by documents. The past is
known to us from documents, the present is known to us from experience,
the future is unknown.
All events in the past can be classified in this way according to
“earlier” and “later.”
The information from “earlier” is a partial quantity of information from
“later.”
The information of the 1850 history
book is a partial quantity of the information from the 1900 history
book. In the 1950 history book there are events which are missing
in the other two books (such as the First World War), since in 1850
and 1900 all later events were unknown. In this way, with the
historical time arrow all events can be arranged according to
“earlier” and “later,” since information from
“earlier” is always a partial quantity of information
from “later.”
This is a strictly mathematical arrangement of the
historical time arrow which has not been violated in a single known
instance.
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Definition:
An event E1 at time
t1 is “earlier” than another event
E2 at time t2 if for all information
I1 at time t1 and for all information
I2 at time t2 the following applies:
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The specific peculiarity of this
temporal arrangement in distinction to spatial
arrangement is its non-linearity. In contrast to space, it is not
linear but hierarchical. Later documents not only document
earlier events, but also earlier documents (which document even
earlier documents).
The usual designations “apparent” and
“subjective” do not do justice to the historical time
arrow. Optical illusions are apparent and one’s own attributes
(like taste) to a single person or to the human
being.
By contrast, the historical time arrow
is made of the same tangible reality as the receptacle of Nautilus
Pompilius. The latter is a direct event of its history and reflects
it.
The stages of development of Nautilus Pompilius and the
historical time arrow:
Nautilus Pompilius’ construction has been shaped by the
historical time arrow:
Information from “earlier” are a partial quantity of
information from “later.”
Nautilus Pompilius’ fully grown receptacle contains and
documents all earlier stages of the receptacle and testifies to its
historical development. The receptacle contains the memory of its
past. Nature has a tangible memory of the past (but not of the
future: We possess no fossils from the future).
This tangible memory is the material basis for human-subjective
memory and is what makes it possible in the first place.
P C W Davies writes:
In short, our experience is asymmetric
because we are coupled to other asymmetries in our environment.
Specifically, the accumulation of information, called memory when
it resides in or brains, is but a typical example of the general
accumulation of information wich is taking place all around us in
the universe (e.g. craters on the moon give information about its
past history).
Every macroscopic object not only
“has” a history, every object is its history, it is the
material incorporation of a past.
A routine piece of blackboard chalk is a remnant of an animal
skeleton which the earth’s forces have lifted to the surface
so that it became a part of chalk cliffs. Then it was broken off
and processed and now it is being used in order to write something
on the blackboard and thus to transmit ideas.
The different of past, present and future is an objective physical property of
nature!
